Engine & working principle of ic engine
A heat engine is machine .Which converts heat energy into mechanical energy .The combustion of fuel such a petrol,diesel generates heat.This heat is supplied to a working substance at high temperature .By the expansion of this substance in suitable machine,heat energy is converted into useful work .Heat engine can be further divided into two types.1. External combustion
2. Internal combustion
In a steam engine the combustion of fuel takes place outside the engine and the steam thus formed is used to run the engine.Thus it is known as external combustion engine .In the case of internal combustion engine.The combustion of fuel takes place inside the engine cylinder itself .
The IC engine can be further classified as;
1. Horizontal and vertical
2. Low, medium or high speed
HEAT ENGINE
1.External combustion -
Steam engine
2.Internal combustion -
2.1 Reciprocating
CI engine - Two stroke ,Four stroke
SI engine - Two stroke ,Four stroke
MATERIAL USED FOR ENGINE
Name of the parts
|
Material of constructions
|
Cylinder head
|
Cast iron , Cast Aluminium
|
Cylinder liner
|
Cast steel , Cast iron
|
Engine block
|
Cast iron , Cast aluminium ,Welded steel
|
Piston
|
Cast iron , Aluminium alloy
|
Piston pin
|
Forged steel ,Aluminium alloy
|
Connecting rod
|
Forged steel , Aluminium alloy
|
Piston rings
|
Cast iron , Pressed steel alloy
|
Connecting rod bearings
|
Bronze , White metal
|
Main bearings
|
White metal , steel backed Babbitt base
|
Crankshaft
|
Forget steel , Cast steel
|
Camshaft
|
Forged steel , Cast iron , Cast steel
|
Timing gears
|
Cast iron , Fiber, Steel forging
|
Push rods
|
Forged steel
|
Engine valves
|
Forged steel ,Steel, alloy
|
Valves springs
|
Carbon spring steel
|
Manifolds
|
Cast iron , Cast aluminium
|
Crankcase
|
Cast iron, Welded steel
|
Flywheel
|
Cast iron
|
Studs and bolts
|
Carbon steel
|
Gaskets
|
Cork , Copper, Asbestos
|
1. Two stroke cycle diesel engine
Two cycle of the four stroke of the piston (the suction , compression, power and exhaust strokes)
is completed only in two strokes in the case of a two strokes engine.The air is dawn into the crankcase due to the suction created by the upward stroke of the piston. On the down stroke of the piston it is compressed in the crankcase.The compression pressure is usually very low , being just sufficient to enable the air to flow into the cylinder through the transfer port when the piston reaches near the bottom of its down stroke .
The air thus flows into the cylinder where the piston compresses it as it ascends, till the piston is nearly at the top of its stroke.The compression pressure is increased sufficiently high to raise the temperature of the air above the self ignition point of the fuel used .The fuel is injected into the cylinder head just before the completion of the compression stroke and only for a short period .The burnt gases expand during the next downward stroke of the piston .These gases escape into the exhaust pipe to the atmosphere through the piston uncovering the exhaust port.