Simple two dimensional linear programing problem can be easily and rapidly solved by this technique. The technique can be easily mastered and shows a visual illustration of the relationships. But as the number of products and constrains increase, it a very difficult to show and interpret the relationship on a simple two dimensional graph. This method can easily be applied up to three variables.
Method study is a systematic method of analyzing the method of doing a job including human movements involved in it.
THE VARIOUS STEPS ARE INVOLVED
1. SELECT the Work worth studying and define the objection to be achieved. An objective may be to reduce the manufacturing cost, or to reduce bottlenecks or to reduce fatigue incurred by the workers in order to increase their efficiency.
2. Record all the relevant information pertaining to the existing method in detail and in the form of a chart to obtain a more clear picture about the same. Recording can be done with the help of following aids:
1. Process Charts:
1. Outline process chart,
2. Flow process chart : Man type, Material type and Equipment type,
3. Two handed process chart,
4. Multiple activity chart,
2. Diagrams:
1. Flow diagram,
2. String diagram,
3. Cyclegraph,
4. Chronocyclegraph
3. Motion and Film Analysis
1. Simo chart,
4.Models
3. Examine the recorded events critically and in sequence , Critical examination involves answer to a number of question. An activity can be eliminated, simplified or combined with another. The basic question are,
What is done?
Who does it?
How is it done?
4.Develop the best method as resulted from critical examination and record it. The developed method should be,
1. Practical and feasible,
2. Safe and effective,
3. Economical
4. Acceptable to design, Production control, quality control and sales departments.
5.Install the developed method or the improved method. Installation involves three places, namely-planning, arranging and implementing. During first two stages the programme installations and a time table, are planned and the necessary arrangements of resources, equipments, tools and instructions to workers, over-time, etc, are made. The implementations or actual installation involves the introduction of developed method as standard practice, problems associated with us developed method should be carefully studied and remedied, if necessary. Installation phase is complete as soon as the new method starts working smoothly and satisfactorily and gives encouraging results.
6. Maintain the new method ensure the proper functioning of the installed method by periodic checks and verification. The purpose of checks and reviews is to find if the method being practised is the same or it has deviated from the authorised one. Reasons for deviation if any should be explored and the necessary changes may be made in the procedure being practised so that it reverts to the authorised one. Views of the workers, supervisors and other persons related with the authorised method can be much help in exploring further improvements.
SOME TOPIC RELATED INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
Work study as defined by British Standard Institution is a generic term for those techniques particularly 'Method Study' and 'Work Measurement' which are used in the examination of human work in all its contexts and which lead systematically to the investigation of all the factors which effect the efficiency of the situation being reviewed, in order to seek improvement.
Work study investigates the work done in an organisation and it aims at finding the best and most efficient way of using available resources, men, material, money and machinery.
Principles of work study used to be employed even long ago, in order improvement, when industry was simple and involved lesser problems : of course a systematic procedure was not there. Today the industries with all their complexities and modernization naturally demand a more systematic approach like the work study in its present form. work study finds application in.
1. Industries
2. Marketing.
3. Offices, stores, and warehouse.
4. Material handling.
5. Design.
6. Building and other constructions.
7. Transport.
8. Hospital.
9. Army.
10. Agriculture.
1. Uniform and improved production flow.
2. Higher productive efficiency.
3. Reduced manufacturing costs.
4. Fast and accurate delivery dates.
5. Better employee-employer relations.
6. Better service to customer.
7. Job security and job satisfaction to workers.
8. Better working and other conditions.
9. Higher wages to workers.
