Domestic Electrolux (Ammonia Hydrogen) Refrigerator

Domestic Electrolux (Ammonia Hydrogen) Refrigerator

The domestic absorption type refrigerator was invented by two Swedish engineers Carl Munters and Baltzer Von Platan in 1925 while they were studying for their under-graduate course of Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. The idea was first developed by the 'Electrolux Company' of Luton, England.





                     Domestic electrolux type refrigerator.

This type of refrigerator is also called three-fluids absorption system. The main purpose of this system is to eliminate the pump so that in the absence of moving parts. the machine becomes noise-less. The three fluids used in this system are ammonia, hydrogen and water. The ammonia is used as a refrigerant because it possesses most of the desirable properties. It is toxic. but due to absence of moving parts, there is very little changes for the leakage and the total amount of refrigeration used is small. The hydrogen being the lightest gas. is used to increase the rate of evaporation of the liquid ammonia passing through the evaporator. The hydrogen is also non-corrosive and insoluble in water. This is used in the low-pressure side of the system. The water is used as a solvent because it has the ability to absorb ammonia readily. The principle of operation of a domestic electrolux type refrigerator. as shown in Fig. 3.3. is discussed below:

The strong ammonia solution from the absorber through heat exchanger is heated in the generator by applying heat from an external source usually a gas burner. During this heating process, ammonia vapours are removed from the solution and passed to the condenser. A rectifirer or a water separator fitted before the ammonia vapours are supplied to the condenser. These water vapours, f not removed, they will enter into the evaporator causing freezing and choking of the machine . The hot weak solution left behind in the generator flow to the absorber through the heat excl anger. This hot weak solution while passing through the exchanger is cooled. The heat removed by the weak solution is utilised in raising the temperature of strong solution passing through the heat exchanger. In this way, the absorption is accelerated and the improvement in the performance of a plant is achieved.

              The ammonia vapours in the condenser are condensed by using external cooling source. The liquid refrigerant leaving the condenser flows under gravity to the evaporator where it meets the hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas which is being fed to the evaporator permit the liquid ammonia to evaporate at a low pressure and temperature according to Dalton's principle. During the process of evaporation, the ammonia absorbs latent heat from the refrigerated space and thus produces cooling
effect.
             The mixture of ammonia vapour and hydrogen is passed to the absorber where ammonia is absorbed in water while the hydrogen rises to the top and flows hack to the evaporator. This completes the cycle. The coefficient of performance of this refrigerator is given by :
                

                 Heat absorbed in the evaporator

C.O.p. =   ---------------------------------------

                Heat supplied in the generator

Notes: 1. The hydrogen gas only circulates from the absorber to the
evaporator and back.
2. The whole cycle is carried out entirely by gravity flow of the refrigerant.
3. It can not be used for industrial purposes as the C.O.P. of the system is very low.
 

 


 

 

 

 


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