Indicate any 2 limitations of vegetable oil as a CI engine fuel.

two key limitations of using vegetable oil directly as a fuel in Compression Ignition (CI) engines:

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🔻 1. High Viscosity

• Vegetable oils have much higher viscosity than diesel.

• This results in poor fuel atomization during injection, causing:

  • Incomplete combustion

  • Increased carbon deposits

  • Fouling of injectors and piston rings

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❄️ 2. Poor Cold Flow Properties

• Vegetable oil can gel or solidify at low temperatures, leading to:

  • Cold starting difficulties

  • Clogged fuel lines and filters

  • Inconsistent fuel delivery and power loss

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👉 Due to these issues, vegetable oil is typically converted into biodiesel to make it more suitable for CI engine use.