Difference between Crystalline and Amorphous Solids
| Property | Crystalline Solids | Amorphous Solids |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic arrangement | Atoms/ions/molecules arranged in a long-range ordered, repeating pattern. | Atoms/ions/molecules arranged in random, irregular manner (no long-range order). |
| Symmetry | Have definite geometrical shape. | Do not have a definite geometrical shape. |
| Melting point | Sharp and well-defined melting point. | Gradually soften over a range of temperatures (no sharp melting point). |
| Anisotropy (properties depend on direction) | Anisotropic – physical properties (like refractive index, electrical conductivity) vary with direction. | Isotropic – properties same in all directions. |
| Example | Metals (Fe, Cu, Al), NaCl, Quartz (SiO₂), Diamond. | Glass, Plastics, Rubber, Pitch. |
✅ In short (3–4 lines, exam revision):
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Crystalline solids have long-range order, sharp melting points, and are anisotropic (properties depend on direction).
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Amorphous solids lack long-range order, soften over a temperature range, and are isotropic (properties same in all directions).
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