What is IC Engine and its types ?

 

IC engine stands for Internal Combustion Engine. It is a type of heat engine that converts the chemical energy stored in fuel into mechanical energy through combustion occurring inside the engine. These engines are widely used in various applications, including automobiles, motorcycles, ships, aircraft, and power generators.

There are two primary types of IC engines based on their working cycles:

1.    Spark Ignition (SI) Engines:

·        Also known as gasoline engines or petrol engines.

·        In SI engines, a spark plug ignites the air-fuel mixture inside the cylinder.

·        The combustion process occurs at nearly constant volume, following the Otto cycle.

·        Commonly used in passenger cars, motorcycles, and small power equipment.

2.    Compression Ignition (CI) Engines:

·        Also known as diesel engines.

·        In CI engines, air is compressed in the cylinder, raising its temperature. Fuel is then injected, and it self-ignites due to the high temperature.

·        The combustion process occurs at nearly constant pressure, following the Diesel cycle.

·        These engines are commonly used in commercial vehicles, heavy machinery, and marine applications.

Both SI and CI engines can be further categorized based on their arrangement and design:

A. Reciprocating Engines:

• Most common type of IC engines.
• The piston moves back and forth inside the cylinder to convert the reciprocating motion into rotational motion.

i.                 Inline Engines: Cylinders arranged in a straight line.

ii.               ii. V-type Engines: Cylinders arranged in two banks at an angle, resembling a "V."

iii.              Flat/Boxer Engines: Cylinders arranged horizontally, with pistons moving in opposite directions.

iv.             iv. Radial Engines: Cylinders arranged in a circular pattern around the crankshaft.

B. Rotary Engines:

• Instead of reciprocating motion, these engines have a triangular rotor that rotates within a chamber to produce power.
• Wankel engine is a well-known example of a rotary engine.

IC engines have been essential in providing power for various applications over the years. While advancements in technology have introduced electric and hybrid alternatives in recent times, IC engines continue to play a crucial role in transportation and industry. However, there is an increasing emphasis on developing more fuel-efficient and environmentally friendly engines to address concerns related to emissions and sustainability.